The passion and death of the Son of God has redeemed the world from the hereditary curse of sin and death. xvi. May every one of you be able to answer: "Of them whom thou hast given me, I have not lost any one" (John xviii. ... Should any man dare, in sacrilegious disregard of the essential differences between God and His creature, between the God-man and the children of man, to place a mortal, were he the greatest of all times, by the side of, or over, or against, Christ, he would deserve to be called prophet of nothingness, to whom the terrifying words of Scripture would be applicable: "He that dwelleth in heaven shall laugh at them" (Psalms ii. The note was not a defence of Nazism, but a criticism of the Vatican's action at a time when negotiations on the relations between the Vatican and Germany were still in being. But if, without any fault of Ours, this peace is not to come, then the Church of God will defend her rights and her freedom in the name of the Almighty whose arm has not shortened...[41], The encyclical was written in German and not the usual Latin of official Catholic Church documents. Mit brennender Sorge (en español, Con viva preocupación) es una encíclica del papa Pío XI sobre la situación de la Iglesia en la Alemania nazi, publicada el 14 de marzo de 1937. We address a special word of congratulation, encouragement and exhortation to the priests of Germany, who, in difficult times and delicate situations, have, under the direction of their Bishops, to guide the flocks of Christ along the straight road, by word and example, by their daily devotion and apostolic patience. März 1937 unterzeichnet und am 21. 25. The Catholic Herald reported on 23 April: It is understood that the Vatican will reply to the note of complaint presented to it by the German Government in regard to the Encyclical Mit Brennender Sorge. ", Ian Kershaw; The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation; 4th Edn; Oxford University Press; New York; 2000; pp 210–11. While the world was still reacting, however, Pius issued five days later another encyclical, Divini Redemptoris, denouncing Communism, declaring its principles "intrinsically hostile to religion in any form whatever", detailing the attacks on the Church which had followed the establishment of Communist regimes in Russia, Mexico and Spain, and calling for the implementation of Catholic social teaching to offset both Communism and 'amoral liberalism'. And while the errors indicated are carefully diagnosed and refuted, complete silence surrounds the much more serious and fundamental errors associated with Nazi political ideology, corresponding to the principles most subversive of natural law that are characteristic of absolute totalitarianisms. 3. 37. They, and they alone with their accomplices, silent or vociferous, are today responsible, should the storm of religious war, instead of the rainbow of peace, blacken the German skies..."[41], 5. Mit brennender Sorge is een encycliek van paus Pius XI. To neglect this order is to shake the pillars on which society rests, and to compromise social tranquillity, security and existence. 33. März 1937 unterzeichnete und das als Enzyklika „Mit brennender Sorge“ bekannt wurde. That is why we tell the young: Sing your hymns to freedom, but do not forget the freedom of the children of God. May the holy time of Lent and Easter, which preaches interior renovation and penance, turn Christian eyes towards the Cross and the risen Christ; be for all of you the joyful occasion that will fill your souls with heroism, patience and victory. They were also inadequate to counter the passivity and widespread indifference to the fate of Jews caused by this kind of Christian anti-Judaism and anti-Semitism, especially when it was combined with newly awakened national pride. 21) as its highest achievement will be the gaining of the crown in the stadium of eternal life (1 Cor. 24). In reality, however, the Church's statements were never really designed to help the Jews. März veröffentlicht. Then We are sure, the enemies of the Church, who think that their time has come, will see that their joy was premature, and that they may close the grave they had dug. A threatening, though initially mainly sporadic persecution of the Catholic Church followed the Nazi takeover. Their rights and duties as educators, conferred on them by God, are at present the stake of a campaign pregnant with consequences. [55], In his history of the resistance to Hitler, Anton Gill said that, following the encyclical, "Hitler was beside himself with rage. [20] According to Paul O'Shea, Hitler had a "blatant disregard" for the Concordat, and its signing was to him merely a first step in the "gradual suppression of the Catholic Church in Germany". But one thing is beyond any doubt: If you take away from the National Socialist "faith" those false dogmas which have solemnly been condemned by the Holy Father in his Encyclical, the remainder will not deserve to be called National Socialism.[65]. ix. "Faith" consists in holding as true what God has revealed and proposes through His Church to man's acceptance. No one would think of preventing young Germans establishing a true ethnical community in a noble love of freedom and loyalty to their country. Thus was sealed the connection between the faith in Christ, the Church and the Primacy. The more the enemies attempt to disguise their designs, the more a distrustful vigilance will be needed, in the light of bitter experience. In fact it will have seemed to him to be the final rejection of his world-view by Catholicism". On the other hand, any reformatory zeal, which instead of springing from personal purity, flashes out of passion, has produced unrest instead of light, destruction instead of construction, and more than once set up evils worse than those it was out to remedy. encyclical of pope pius xi on the church and the german reich to the venerable brethren the archbishops and bishops of germany and other ordinaries in peace and communion with the apostolic see. But it is well possible that a definite denunciation of the Concordat and a rupture of diplomatic relations between Berlin and the Holy See will be avoided, at least for the time being.[65]. From the fullness of the Creators' right there naturally arises the fullness of His right to be obeyed by individuals and communities, whoever they are. The term Reichsregierung is used to refer to the German government. Then the violation of temples is nigh, and it will be every one's duty to sever his responsibility from the opposite camp, and free his conscience from guilty cooperation with such corruption. "Behold what manner of charity the Father hath bestowed on us, that we should be called and should be the sons of God" (1 John iii. It is part of their sacred obligations to do whatever is in their power to enforce respect for, and obedience to, the commandments of God, as these are the necessary foundation of all private life and public morality; to see that the rights of His Divine Majesty, His name and His word be not profaned; to put a stop to the blasphemies, which, in words and pictures, are multiplying like the sands of the desert; to encounter the obstinacy and provocations of those who deny, despise and hate God, by the never-failing reparatory prayers of the Faithful, hourly rising like incense to the All-Highest and staying His vengeance. Yale University Press. 1). ii. But ancient paganism acknowledged that the axiom, to be entirely true, must be reversed and be made to say: "Nothing can be useful, if it is not at the same time morally good" (Cicero, De Off. "[81], So little anti-Nazi is it that it does not even attribute to the regime as such, but only to certain trends within it, the dogmatic and moral errors widespread in Germany. We visualize the immense multitudes of Our faithful children, Our sons and daughters, for whom the sufferings of the Church in Germany and their own have left intact their devotion to the cause of God, their tender love for the Father of Christendom, their obedience to their pastors, their joyous resolution to remain ever faithful, happen what may, to the sacred inheritance of their ancestors. 31. 43. We have never ceased, Venerable Brethren, to represent to the responsible rulers of your country's destiny, the consequences which would inevitably follow the protection and even the favor, extended to such a policy. Lord, King and ultimate Consummator of the history of the world, who will not, and cannot, tolerate a rival God by His side. Within three months of the signing of the document, Cardinal Bertram, head of the German Catholic Bishops Conference, was writing in a Pastoral Letter of "grievous and gnawing anxiety" with regard to the government's actions towards Catholic organisations, charitable institutions, youth groups, press, Catholic Action, and the mistreatment of Catholics for their political beliefs. 13. The (censored) German newspapers made no mention of the encyclical. It is "the evidence of things that appear not" (Heb. [38] Historian William Shirer wrote that the document accused the regime of sowing the "tares of suspicion, discord, hatred, calumny, of secret and open fundamental hostility to Christ and His Church". The use of this word for the "suggestions" of race and blood, for the irradiations of a people's history, is mere equivocation. Beneath her dome, as beneath the vault of heaven, there is but one country for all nations and tongues; there is room for the development of every quality, advantage, task and vocation which God the Creator and Savior has allotted to individuals as well as to ethnical communities. But if, besides these reprehensible discrepancies be between faith and life, acts and words, exterior conduct and interior feelings, however numerous they be, anyone overlooks the overwhelming sum of authentic virtues, of spirit of sacrifice, fraternal love, heroic efforts of sanctity, he gives evidence of deplorable blindness and injustice. [41] The priest's first loving gift to his neighbors is to serve truth and refute error in any of its forms. Some of his counsellors try to persuade him to declare the Concordat as null and void. "Grace," in a wide sense, may stand for any of the Creator's gifts to His creature; but in its Christian designation, it means all the supernatural tokens of God's love; God's intervention which raises man to that intimate communion of life with Himself, called by the Gospel "adoption of the children of God." The Pope has not tried to give a full analysis of the National Socialist doctrine. After hearing their account, We could, in grateful acknowledgment to God, exclaim with the Apostle of love: "I have no greater grace than this, to hear that my children walk in truth" (John iii. [42] Historian Michael Phayer wrote: In Divini Redemptoris, he [Pius XI] condemned communism once again, while in Mit brennender Sorge he criticized racism in carefully measured words. Even now that a campaign against the confessional schools, which are guaranteed by the concordat, and the destruction of free election, where Catholics have a right to their children's Catholic education, afford evidence, in a matter so essential to the life of the Church, of the extreme gravity of the situation."[41]. If later he forgets to apply the standard of severity, by which he measures the Church he hates, to other organizations in which he happens to be interested, then his appeal to an offended sense of purity identifies him with those who, for seeing the mote in their brother's eye, according to the Savior's incisive words, cannot see the beam in their own. None of your oppressors, who pretend to relieve you of your duties can answer for you to the eternal Judge, when he will ask: "Where are those I confided to you?" It was rather the Church's competition with the totalitarian regression of the concept of Volk that in the Nazi state-worship totally absorbed the community-people relationship[58]. Mit brennender Sorge ist eine Enzyklika von Papst Pius XI. They, and they alone with their accomplices, silent or vociferous, are today responsible, should the storm of religious war, instead of the rainbow of peace, blacken the German skies. Religious lessons maintained for the sake of appearances, controlled by unauthorized men, within the frame of an educational system which systematically works against religion, do not justify a vote in favor of non-confessional schools. [29] Falconi said that the encyclical "was not so much an amplification of Faulhaber's draft as a faithful and even literal transcription of it" while "Cardinal Pacelli, at Pius XI's request, merely added a full historical introduction on the background of the Concordat with the Third Reich. Bekijk meer » Nationaalsocialisme Vlag van nazi-Duitsland Adolf Hitler in 1933 Het nationaalsocialisme, ook wel ingekort tot nazisme, is een aan het fascisme verwante ideologie die na de Eerste Wereldoorlog in Duitsland ontstond. 30. [42] Human laws which opposed natural law were described as not "obligatory in conscience". In Jesus Christ, Son of God made Man, there shone the plentitude of divine revelation. 30). Article 1 guaranteed "freedom of profession and public practice of the Catholic religion" and acknowledged the right of the church to regulate its own affairs. The Church of Christ, which throughout the ages and to the present day numbers more confessors and voluntary martyrs than any other moral collectivity, needs lessons from no one in heroism of feeling and action. Generous, ready to stand to attention to any call from God, yet confident in themselves because confident in their vocation, they grew to the size of beacons and reformers. To overlook this truth is to forget that the real common good ultimately takes its measure from man's nature, which balances personal rights and social obligations, and from the purpose of society, established for the benefit of human nature. Therefore, we shall never cease frankly to represent to the responsible authorities the iniquity of the pressure brought to bear on you and the duty of respecting the freedom of education. Take care, Venerable Brethren, that above all, faith in God, the first and irreplaceable foundation of all religion, be preserved in Germany pure and unstained. März 1937 unterzeichnet und am 21. This obedience permeates all branches of activity in which moral values claim harmony with the law of God, and pervades all integration of the ever-changing laws of man into the immutable laws of God. We live in its shadow and die in its embrace. The numbers conform to the numbers used by the Vatican in its English translation of the text. Following the signing of the document, the formerly outspoken nature of opposition by German Catholic leaders towards the Nazi movement weakened considerably. Whoever only means by the term, the collective survival here on earth of his people for an indefinite length of time, distorts one of the fundamental notions of the Christian Faith and tampers with the very foundations of the religious concept of the universe, which requires a moral order. 9). Because of government restrictions, the nuncio in Berlin, Archbishop Cesare Orsenigo, had the encyclical distributed by courier. zu Wort. The Gestapo visited the offices of every German diocese the next day and seized all the copies they could find. The Church's maternal heart is big enough to see in the God-appointed development of individual characteristics and gifts, more than a mere danger of divergency. Whoever counters these erroneous developments with an uncompromising No from the very outset, not only serves the purity of his faith in Christ, but also the welfare and the vitality of his own people. A merciful God, who as Legislator, says - Thou must! The Church, whose work lies among men and operates through men, may see her divine mission obscured by human, too human, combination, persistently growing and developing like the cockle among the wheat of the Kingdom of God. The true extent of the Nazi fury at this encyclical was shown by the immediate measures taken in Germany to counter further propagation of the document. 18)...[41], Historian Michael Burleigh views the following passage as a rejection of the Nazis' conception of collective racial immortality:[56], 24. 15), to welcome in the words and commands of the Church His own words and His own commands (Luke x. 34. [16], The Reichskonkordat (English: Reich Concordat) was signed on 20 July 1933 between the Holy See and Germany. xix. But ancient paganism acknowledged that the axiom, to be entirely true, must be reversed and be made to say: "Nothing can be useful, if it is not at the same time morally good" (Cicero, De Off. To all of them We send Our paternal greetings. [53] Historian Michael Burleigh sees the passage as pinpointing "the tendencey of the Führer-cult to elevate a man into god. The rights of parents in the education of their children are defended under natural law and the "notorious coercion" of Catholic children into interdenominational schools are described as "void of all legality"(sections 33–37). Such statements require us to reconsider the Church's public declarations about the Nazi concept of the state and racism in the encyclical Mit brennender Sorge. ii. With an indifference bordering on contempt the day of the Lord is divested of its sacred character, against the best of German traditions. It contained a vigorous defense of the Old Testament with the belief that it prepares the way for the New. [12] Though Hitler is not named in the encyclical, it does refer to a "mad prophet" that some say refers to Hitler himself. Die Enzyklika wurde am 14. 4). To consoling and edifying information on the stand the Faithful are making for their Faith, they considered themselves bound, in spite of efforts to judge with moderation and in spite of their own patriotic love, to add reports of things hard and unpleasant. Hence, despite many and grave misgivings, We then decided not to withhold Our consent for We wished to spare the Faithful of Germany, as far as it was humanly possible, the trials and difficulties they would have had to face, given the circumstances, had the negotiations fallen through. We address Our special greetings to the Catholic parents. Nevertheless the great reprisal that was feared did not come. A Christianity which keeps a grip on itself, refuses every compromise with the world, takes the commands of God and the Church seriously, preserves its love of God and of men in all its freshness, such a Christianity can be, and will be, a model and a guide to a world which is sick to death and clamors for directions, unless it be condemned to a catastrophe that would baffle the imagination. ... To hand over the moral law to man's subjective opinion, which changes with the times, instead of anchoring it in the holy will of the eternal God and His commandments, is to open wide every door to the forces of destruction. Even now that a campaign against the confessional schools, which are guaranteed by the concordat, and the destruction of free election, where Catholics have a right to their children's Catholic education, afford evidence, in a matter so essential to the life of the Church, of the extreme gravity of the situation and the anxiety of every Christian conscience; even now Our responsibility for Christian souls induces Us not to overlook the last possibilities, however slight, of a return to fidelity to treaties, and to any arrangement that may be acceptable to the episcopate. The fool who has said in his heart "there is no God" goes straight to moral corruption (Psalms xiii. Eine Woche … Secret and open measures of intimidation, the threat of economic and civic disabilities, bear on the loyalty of certain classes of Catholic functionaries, a pressure which violates every human right and dignity. All efforts to remove from under morality and the moral order the granite foundation of faith and to substitute for it the shifting sands of human regulations, sooner or later lead these individuals or societies to moral degradation. [42] National religion or a national God was rejected as a grave error and that the Christian God could not be restricted "within the frontiers of a single people, within the pedigree of one single race." Eerste bladzijde van de encycliek Mit brennender Sorge. The encyclical is in fact concerned purely with the Catholic Church in Germany and its rights and privileges, on the basis of the concordatory contracts of 1933. [5], 15. It was not the case that Pius failed to "spare the Führer," or called him a "mad prophet possessed of repulsive arrogance." Mgr. Trusting in Him, "We cease not to pray and to beg" (Col. i. But the frankness indifferent in Our Apostolic charge and the determination to place before the Christian world the truth in all its reality, prompt Us to add: "Our pastoral heart knows no deeper pain, no disappointment more bitter, than to learn that many are straying from the path of truth.". Others reply that that would do immense damage to Germany's prestige in the world, particularly to its relations with Austria and to its influence in Nationalist Spain. Whoever wishes to see banished from church and school the Biblical history and the wise doctrines of the Old Testament, blasphemes the name of God, blasphemes the Almighty's plan of salvation[41], There is no mention of Hitler by name in the encyclical but some works say that Hitler is described as a "mad prophet" in the text. Eine Geheimaktion machte das möglich. Laws which impede this profession and practice of Faith are against natural law. 39. Today, as We see you threatened with new dangers and new molestations, We say to you: If any one should preach to you a Gospel other than the one you received on the knees of a pious mother, from the lips of a believing father, or through teaching faithful to God and His Church, "let him be anathema" (Gal. The Church, whose mission it is to preserve and explain the natural law, as it is divine in its origin, cannot but declare that the recent enrollment into schools organized without a semblance of freedom, is the result of unjust pressure, and is a violation of every common right. 12. 10) is Our witness that We have no greater desire than to see in Germany the restoration of a true peace between Church and State. No doubt "the Spirit breatheth where he will" (John iii. Dado no Vaticano, no domingo da Paixão, 14 de março de 1937. He contrasted this perverted ideology with the teaching of the Church in which there was a home 'for all peoples and all nations'. Das Rundschreiben „Mit brennender Sorge“. The trials and sufferings which your people have undergone in post-War days have not passed over its soul without leaving painful marks. The total number of religious and secular priests in Germany, according to the Catholic paper Der Deutsche Weg, is 122,792. This the accused denies, and his defence has been supported by Communist witnesses.[67]. 32. We know, dear Catholic parents, that your vote was not free, for a free and secret vote would have meant the triumph of the Catholic schools. "[11] The regime further constrained the actions of the Church and harassed monks with staged prosecutions. That is why we tell the young: Sing your hymns to freedom, but do not forget the freedom of the children of God. Use your influence on the Faithful, that they refuse to yield to this aberration. 12). Gfoellner asked all Catholic parents to keep their children away from any organisation which sympathised with the ideology condemned by the Pope. You are told about sports. These manifestations are even today placing Christian parents in a painful alternative, as they cannot give to the State what they owe to God alone. Sie ist in deutscher Sprache verfasst. But We expect the Catholic youth, in the more favorable organizations of the State, to uphold its right to a Christian sanctification of the Sunday, not to exercise the body at the expense of the immortal soul, not to be overcome by evil, but to aim at the triumph of good over evil (Rom. 1). i. 39. iii. [19] Lewy wrote "The harmonious co-operation anticipated at the time did not quite materialize" but that the reasons for this "lay less in the lack of readiness of the Church than in the short sighted policies of the Hitler regime. i. But if, without any fault of Ours, this peace is not to come, then the Church of God will defend her rights and her freedom in the name of the Almighty whose arm has not shortened. Nevertheless the great reprisal that was feared did not come. The Bishops of the Church of Christ, "ordained in the things that appertain to God (Heb. Many of you, clinging to your Faith and to your Church, as a result of your affiliation with religious associations guaranteed by the concordat, have often to face the tragic trial of seeing your loyalty to your country misunderstood, suspected, or even denied, and of being hurt in your professional and social life ... Today, as We see you threatened with new dangers and new molestations, We say to you: If any one should preach to you a Gospel other than the one you received on the knees of a pious mother, from the lips of a believing father, or through teaching faithful to God and His Church, "let him be anathema" (Gal. Humility in the spirit of the Gospel and prayer for the assistance of grace are perfectly compatible with self-confidence and heroism. Faith in these truths, which in your country are today the butt of the cheap derision of Christ's enemies, belongs to the inalienable treasury of Christian revelation. Das päpstliche Rundschreiben behandelt die bedrängte Lage der römisch-katholischen Kirche im damaligen Deutschen Reich und verurteilt Politik und Ideologie des Nationalsozialismus. If the Apostle of the nations, the vase of election, chastised his body and brought it into subjection: lest perhaps, when he had preached to others, he himself should become a castaway (1 Cor. In August 1936 The German episcopate had asked Pius XI for an encyclical that would deal with the current situation of the Church in Germany. "Immortality" in a Christian sense means the survival of man after his terrestrial death, for the purpose of eternal reward or punishment. According to historian Ian Kershaw, an intensification of the general anti-church struggle began around April in response to the encyclical.
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