She and her parents warned others on the beach, which was evacuated safely. The Earthquake measured 9.0 on the Richter scale with an epicenter of 160 kilometers. In February 2005, scientists revised the estimate of the magnitude to 9.0. On 30 December 2004, four days after the tsunami, Terra Research notified the India government that its sensors indicated there was a possibility of 7.9 to 8.1 magnitude tectonic shift in the next 12 hours between Sumatra and New Zealand. Khao Lak also experienced the largest tsunami run-up height outside of Sumatra. However, tsunamis can strike thousands of kilometres away where the earthquake is felt only weakly or not at all. [citation needed], The hardest-hit area, Aceh, is a religiously conservative Islamic society and has had no tourism nor any Western presence in recent years due to the insurgency between the Indonesian military and Free Aceh Movement (GAM). [56][57] Oral traditions developed from previous earthquakes helped the aboriginal tribes escape the tsunami. On the east coast of Phuket Island, the tsunami height was about 2 m. In one river mouth, many boats were damaged. The environmental impact will take a long time and significant resources to assess. This was similar to eyewitness accounts of the tsunami at Banda Aceh. 24:11. Video: Reuters As well, the tsunami was large enough to be detected in Vancouver, which puzzled many scientists, as the tsunamis measured in some parts of South America were larger than those measured in some parts of the Indian Ocean. [53] On Maikhao Beach in north Phuket City, Thailand, a 10-year-old British tourist named Tilly Smith had studied tsunamis in geography at school and recognised the warning signs of the receding ocean and frothing bubbles. The surface waves can be clearly seen to reinforce near the antipode (with the closest seismic stations in Ecuador), and to subsequently encircle the planet to return to the epicentral region after about 200 minutes. The Colombo-based International Water Management Institute monitored the effects of saltwater and concluded that the wells recovered to pre-tsunami drinking water quality one-and-a-half years after the event. [129] In response to a request from the Maldivian Government, the Australian Government sent ecological experts to help restore marine environments and coral reefs—the lifeblood of Maldivian tourism. Lea Robson. [117][118] In Sri Lanka artisanal fishery, where the use of fish baskets, fishing traps, and spears are commonly used, is an important source of fish for local markets; industrial fishery is the major economic activity, providing direct employment to about 250,000 people. Since over 51,000 vessels were lost to the tsunami, the industry boomed. [61], Lhoknga is a small coastal community about 13 km (8.1 mi) south-west of Banda Aceh, located on a flat coastal plain in between two rainforest-covered hills, overlooking a large bay and famous for its large swathe of white sandy beach and surfing activities. 03:28; At 8 years of Tsunami in Asia. Uncountable wells that served communities were invaded by sea, sand, and earth; and aquifers were invaded through porous rock. Similar to Sri Lanka, survivors reported three waves with the second wave being the most powerful. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. A second team found similar evidence of previous tsunamis in Aceh, a province at the northern tip of Sumatra; radiocarbon dating of bark fragments in the soil below the second sand layer led the scientists to estimate that the most recent predecessor to the 2004 tsunami probably occurred between A.D. 1300 and 1450. In Xaafuun, small drawbacks were observed before the third and most powerful tsunami wave flooded the town. On December 26, 2004, at 7:59 am local time, an undersea earthquake with a magnitude of 9.1 struck off the coast of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. This is unusual since earthquakes of magnitude eight or more occur only about once per year on average. Giritharan, S. Bardhan, S.R. The destruction was unfathomable. Moreover, the tsunami was detected by scuba divers around offshore islands like the Similan Islands and the Surin Islands. Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, tsunami that hit the coasts of several countries of South and Southeast Asia in December 2004. [116] The impact on coastal fishing communities and the people living there, some of the poorest in the region, has been devastating with high losses of income earners as well as boats and fishing gear. The sea was observed to rise suddenly before the onset of the first wave. Pondicherry - Tsunami 2004 Footage Caught on camera Must Watch. On 26 December 2004 more than 200,000 people were killed when an earthquake beneath the Indian Ocean triggered a devastating tsunami. Helping restore the quality of drinking water after the tsunami. A week after the earthquake, its reverberations could still be measured, providing valuable scientific data about the Earth's interior. Seismographic and acoustic data indicate that the first phase involved a rupture about 400 km (250 mi) long and 100 km (60 mi) wide, 30 km (19 mi) beneath the sea bed—the largest rupture ever known to have been caused by an earthquake. Early speculation was that some of the smaller islands south-west of Sumatra, which is on the Burma Plate (the southern regions are on the Sunda Plate), might have moved south-west by up to 36 m (120 ft), but more accurate data released more than a month after the earthquake found the movement to be about 200 mm (8 in). Being rich in coral reefs, the Maldives provides an opportunity for scientists to assess the impact of a tsunami on coral atolls. 165–184. This footage is the result from an eartquake in Asia Japan. Another video showed the tsunami flooding the ground floor of a restaurant sweeping away an elderly couple. Helicopter surveys showed entire settlements virtually destroyed with destruction within miles inland, and only some mosques left standing. Compiling new navigational charts may take months or years. Photo Credits: Dany Oliveira, UNDP Asia-Pacific The teacher survived. Tsunami in Asia Video 26.12.2004. [123], Countries in the region appealed to tourists to return, pointing out that most tourist infrastructure is undamaged. [97], States of emergency were declared in Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and the Maldives. Distance alone was no guarantee of safety, as Somalia was hit harder than Bangladesh despite being much farther away. [citation needed]. [145], The tsunami had a severe humanitarian and political impact in Sweden. [54] John Chroston, a biology teacher from Scotland, also recognised the signs at Kamala Bay north of Phuket, taking a busload of vacationers and locals to safety on higher ground. Tsunami 2004 Thailand Ao Nang 26 Dec 2004 10:04. The volcanic activity that results as the Indo-Australian Plate subducts the Eurasian Plate has created the Sunda Arc. [119], While the tsunami destroyed many of the boats vital to Sri Lanka's fishing industry, it also created a demand for fibreglass reinforced plastic catamarans in boatyards of Tamil Nadu. "Environmental Issues Emerging from Wreckage of Asian Tsunami", "United Nations Environment Programme; Environment for Development", "Researchers uncover 2004 tsunami predecessor", "Scientists Find Evidence of Tsunamis on Indian Ocean Shores Long Before 2004", "Most Destructive Known Earthquakes on Record in the World (Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths)", "Written records of historical tsunamis in the northeastern South China Sea – challenges associated with developing a new integrated database", "Mental Health in Sumatra After the Tsunami", "Associated Press û Tsunami survivors cling tightly to faith across ravaged region", "Memorandum of Understanding between Indonesian government and the Free Aceh Movement", "Asia Pacific Journalism Centre – Home Page". On December 26, 2004, an incredibly violent tsunami struck the coast of the Indian Ocean. But in the case of 2004 tsunami, the maximum run-up height of more than 5 metres was observed along the Nagapattinam region in Tamil Nadu and lateral inundation being up to 1 … An overview shows Meulaboh city underwater on 28 Dec 2004, after a … [15] The plight of the affected people and countries prompted a worldwide humanitarian response, with donations totalling more than US$14 billion. See more ideas about tsunami, natural disasters, pictures. The only other recorded earthquakes of magnitude 9.0 or greater were off Kamchatka, Russia, on 4 November 1952 (magnitude 9.0) and Tōhoku, Japan (magnitude 9.1) in March 2011. Thailand was struck about two hours later despite being closer to the epicentre because the tsunami travelled more slowly in the shallow Andaman Sea off its western coast. The greatest tsunami inundation occurred at North Male Atoll, Male island at 250 m (820 ft) along the streets. The India Plate meets the Burma Plate (which is considered a portion of the great Eurasian Plate) at the Sunda Trench. Tsunami video footage taken from Sri Lanka beach hotel. The waves NotiMeTa 2012-12-27T04:12:49+00:00. Because the 1,600 km (1,000 mi) fault affected by the earthquake was in a nearly north–south orientation, the greatest strength of the tsunami waves was in an east–west direction. [78] The tsunami travelled 2.5 km (1.6 mi) at its maximum inland at Karaikal, Puducherry. On the western coast, the runup elevations were 4.5 m (15 ft) at Kanyakumari District in Tamil Nadu and 3.4 m (11 ft) each at Kollam and Ernakulam districts in Kerala. Omissions? Only the Iraq War was named by as many respondents. The Persson Cabinet was heavily criticized for its inaction. This quake, together with the Good Friday earthquake (Alaska, 1964) and the Great Chilean earthquake (1960), account for almost half of the total moment. The inundation was observed to extend 3–4 km (1.9–2.5 mi) inland throughout the city. Each of these megathrust earthquakes also spawned tsunamis in the Pacific Ocean. [36] Because of tidal effects of the Moon, the length of a day increases at an average of 15 microseconds per year, so any rotational change due to the earthquake will be lost quickly. However, this was proven untrue. According to eyewitness accounts, the tsunami came from the north and south. After a pause of about another 100 seconds, the rupture continued northwards towards the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. 14", "Asia-Pacific | 'Hundreds feared dead' in Burma", "The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster: Evaluation of UNICEF's response (emergency and recovery phase). 5 Amateur Camcorder Videos of Asia Tsunami Tsunami hitting Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Malaysia. [137] Saudi cleric Muhammad Al-Munajjid attributed it to divine retribution against non-Muslim vacationers "who used to sprawl all over the beaches and in pubs overflowing with wine" during Christmas break. It has been reported that in the Maldives, 16 to 17 coral reef atolls that were overcome by sea waves are without fresh water and could be rendered uninhabitable for decades.
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